Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life - 738 Words

Since the advent of computing both scholars and writers have hypothesized about what might happen if machines evolved to the point that they became sentient. As computing became more and more complex and memory and advances in computer chip technology increased, the study of artificial intelligence and the idea of what might be possible for computers has also undergone a dramatic evolution. In fact, many contemporary computing applications at home, in vehicles, and in business already use Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a basis for many operations. Many of todays machines are designed to perform a specific task and function. Modern manufacturing has advanced because of robotics, and certainly this has dramatically changed the way the world works. Now, we move into a different future, one in which computers can self-replicate teach themselves and adapt to different conditions. In fact, the more complex they become, the more we will need them to repair and maintain themselves. Of cours e, there remains fear that once they reach a position of sentience, they will have no further need for human kind. However, long generational space exploration, or exploration into hostile environments for humans can easily be accomplished by robots, contributing to the betterment of humankind (Greenmeire, 2008). Despite the popular motion picture view of AI; from HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey to Robin Williams in Bicentennial Man, the concept of AI can be defined in a number of ways. If we useShow MoreRelatedEssay On Artificial Intelligence738 Words   |  3 PagesArtificial intelligence is a beneficial form of technology used daily by humans around the world, and is widespread across society. It is used in almost every field of our lives, from our phones, to our food, and is devoted to making our day-to-day life easier. However, there is much debate worldwide about whether this technology is truly beneficial or not for society, as some choose to believe that it is doing more harm than good. Artificial intelligence (AI) is usually defined as the scienceRead MoreHistory And Development Of Artificial Intelligence1507 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology-based society as ours, artificial intelligence is becoming an important part of our daily lives. This research paper will explore the history and development of artificial intelligence, the places we can encounter them, the future they hold and the ethical dilemmas around this new technology. Although there was not a lot of technology in the 1950s, the idea of artificial intelligence, named by McCarthy, arose. The first form of artificial intelligence was a program with the ability toRead MoreDisadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence909 Words   |  4 Pagesconstantly changing lives easier. However, as we advance in society, controversies start up on the right and wrongs of how our mechanics or robots develop, specifically Artificial Intelligence robots. Artificial intelligence is the ability to understand how to control motion and responses based upon experience. Artificial intelligence in robots are based on human traits such as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and movement and manipulation of objects.As of now, ourRead MoreComputer Science And Artificial Intelligence901 Words   |  4 PagesScience and Artificial Intelligence† by the National Research council staff, and published by National Academies Press, they talk about th e importance of Artificial intelligence in the department of defense, especially in this day and age. They talk about how AI could help increase national security while reducing the risk for humans in hostile environments (ch.2 pg. 14). Along with that, it states that if we could advance far enough, the goal is to entirely replace the need to risk human life or injuryRead MoreEssay On Artificial Intelligence1470 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial Intelligence, an acronym for AI. It is a new technical science in the research and development of intelligent theories, methods, techniques and applications for the simulation, extension and expansion of human beings. In my vision of the artificial intelligence in the future, artificial intelligence can not only manage the daily life of people, but also can become one of the family members to the human beings, and enjoy the same equal human rights. Even we can embed the mind of diedRead MoreThe Invention Of Artificial Intelligence1668 Words   |  7 PagesIn our lives today, we all use some form of Artificial Intelligence daily. Some of these activities include: using cellular apps (Google Maps, Siri, Cortana), playing video games, and listening to music. Although the use of Artificial Intelligence has made human life more efficient and effective, it has also insinuated reliance and unsuspecting ignorance into our minds as well, and we do not even see it coming. The history of Artificial Intelligence dates back to the 1950s. Approximately fourteenRead MoreSample Resume : Artificial Intelligence765 Words   |  4 Pagesapplying for admission to the Ph.D. programme in Artificial Intelligence. I have a background in computing at both B.Sc. and MSc. levels and due to the projection of emerging technologies and how everything is tilted towards Artificial Intelligence: I want a career in the field. Particularly, as Artificial Intelligence is one of the main research areas in Computer Science and how it will help me expand my knowledge scope and expertise in: web intelligence; intelligent interactive systems; human-robotRead MoreWarehouse Management Systems : AI And Cloud-Based Within WMS1255 Words   |  6 Pageseffectively, people create the Warehouse Management System (WMS) that I believe it could only do the simplest thing like tracking the storage locations at first. For now, majority of the large companies rely on the WMS to support and manage their daily organizing, planning, moving, storing, and controlling the utilization of the resources, materials, and products in the warehouses and distribution centers with technology supports. The WMS, a part of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), actually becomesRead MoreThe Future Of Artificial Intelligence1020 Words   |  5 PagesName: Kareem Toluwalope Student ID: B00781950 The Possible Future Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Artificial Intelligence is the process of humanizing machines. Artificial Intelligence has a lot of benefits and disadvantages, which would increase in the coming years. Artificial Intelligence would be beneficial to humans because we have a lot to improve upon in our society. Artificial Intelligence would be a great asset, but it should be treated with caution. Machines with AI could be used in medicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Artificial Intelligence On Our Lives1326 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial Intelligence in Our Daily Life AI, or artificial intelligence, is the automation of human processes by means of machine learning, often done by computer systems. These processes include acquisition of complex information and a set rules bound to conclude a reasoning or approximate conclusions. Applications of AI includes expert systems, speech recognition, and machine vision. Goals To discuss the impact of artificial intelligence in our lives and provide a specific set of examples

All About Psalm 27 The Lord is My Light and My Salvation

Psalm 27: The Lord is My Light and My Salvation Hook: In saying â€Å"man’s chief end is ‘to glorify God and enjoy Him forever.’ But we shall then know that these are the same thing. Fully to enjoy is to glorify. In commanding us to glorify Him, God is inviting us to enjoy Him.† Importance of psalm: C.S. Lewis gives a clear example as to why the psalms are so important. To glorify God and to enjoy him through that glorification whether through praise, lament, thanksgiving, or wisdom. Contextual background info: David the author of this Psalm has been pursued by enemies (2-3), shut out from the house of the Lord (4), just parted from his father and mother (10) and subjected to slander (12). Name and explain genre of this psalm: Psalm 27 is called The Lord is My Light and My Salvation and consists of David lamenting to the Lord. He says â€Å"whom shall I fear, the Lord is the stronghold of my life; of whom shall I be afraid? In his grief David is hopeful, for he knows that he can wait upon the Lord. Central idea: Poetic figures give meaning and delight to the psalms because it points to the sanctuary of the Lord. Thesis (answer to my research question): The Sanctuary of the Lord is evident through metaphor, metonymy, anaphora, and other important literary devices. First poetic figure: metaphor v.1: The first poetic figure supports David’s refuge in God. â€Å"The Lord is my light and my salvation, whom shall I fear?† Metaphor is used by David giving a strong connection to God being hisShow MoreRelatedThe Lord Is My Light And My Salvation981 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Lord is my light and my salvation (Ps 27:1), In Psalm 27 David talks about his faith with God. Firstly I am going to discuss what this Psalm meant to David and the context in which he wrote this as the young leader of the ancient Israelites. Also discussing how Psalm 27 is written in three separate parts at different periods of David’s life, but focussing on verses one to three. Secondly, we will relate what this scripture means to modern society in the context of both the NewRead MoreLight Shade: An Exegetical Brief of Psalms 272043 Words   |  9 PagesLight Shade: An Exegetical Brief of Psalms 27 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! â€Å"Light and Salvation†: An Exegetical Brief of Psalm 27 A. An outline and Structural Analysis! - Enemies and the Fear of the Lord (v1-3)! - The Psalmist’s One Petition (v4-6)! - Distress, but resolved to wait on Jehovah (v7-12)! - Reassurance (v13-14)! ! B. Introduction ! ! The book of Psalms consists of one hundred ï ¬ fty songs and prayers in the Wisdom literature section ofRead MoreEssay on Psalm 271423 Words   |  6 PagesPsalm 27 Psalm twenty-seven was superscribed before being anointed. It indicates when it was made, which was before David was anointed king over all of Israel. David is showing his gratitude for the salvation and the elevation received through Gods protection and showing his devotion to the Lord through this Psalm. In it he makes the request to be permitted to dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of his life. He expresses how much God means to him by worshiping Him with allRead MoreAll Strength Comes From God1137 Words   |  5 PagesAll Strength Comes From God The bible teaches us that we can live and rest in the strength and comfort that God provides when we face the problems and tribulations of the world. Give Him the glory. Anticipate and expect that God will fulfill His promises. The strength of God is a cornerstone principle of An Enduring Faith. (Read Psalms 91) 2 Chronicles 16:9  For the eyes of the LORD run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to show Himself strong on behalf of those whose heart is loyalRead MorePsalm 27 Displays Perfect Faith1177 Words   |  5 PagesPsalm 27 displays perfect faith in God. It erases all doubt and fear and asks for God to always be present in the speaker’s life. It asks for protection and salvation. The Psalm acknowledges difficulty and enemies and their power over the speaker, but he remains sure that God’s power reigns over all- even the most fearsome of adversaries. Psalm 27 opens with the lines â€Å"The Lord is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear?† This line speaks to me because in life we all need light to workRead MoreThe Revelation Of Jesus Christ1566 Words   |  7 PagesGod and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, even to all that he saw.† John 1:1-2 (RSV) The book of Revelation is considered the final writings from John’s Gospel. Revelation is a unique book, which unveils future events, and final judgements. Growing up, this was the book we as children didn’t want the preacher to preach about. I grew up Holiness Pentecostal and this is the book that was preached on more than others. I believe I received salvation every week due to these lessons from Revelation. Read MoreThe Lord Has Helped Me1415 Words   |  6 Pagesin Christ and asked me questions about my faith, I prayed silently that the Holy Spirit would speck through me and open his eyes.† (Deadliest Monster pg. 61) The Lord has helped me in many situations in specking of my faith to others or telling others about the amazing gospel that Jesus died on the cross for our sins! Going to a park and giving random people the gospel isn’t easy but what is encouraging is when after asking a homeless guy if we could tell him about Christ I see a police man startRead MoreEssay about Old Testament Missions2368 Words   |  10 PagesTESTAMENT â€Å"Missions is the heart of God and the over all messege for all believers and is also he theme of the Bible.1 This missions unites all sixty-six books in the Bible. Paul makes known the mystery of the gospel Ephesians 3:6 stemming from the Old Testament, that it is also for the gentiles and not limited to the Jews only. From the very beginning of creation the gentiles, or all peoples not Jews, have been a part of the saving grace of the Lord. The apostles understood this plan and is evidentRead MoreMore On Getting Your Prayers Answered1621 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant things. First, there is another step; and, it may be the most important step after the step of salvation. It is forgiveness. When I first realized the importance of forgiveness my thought was, Oh! RATS! Why does THAT have to come into getting my prayers answered? I suppose it truly is about getting my prayers answered; but, even more important, it is about getting closer to the Lord. Anyway, if you are praying for something that is dreadfully and continually important to you, then youRead MoreWorldview As A Person s Perception Of Life And Perspective Of The World1615 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst two chapters of Genesis clearly state that God created all things, life included [Genesis 1:1, 11-13, 20-22, 24-31] (Holy Bible, 2011). God is the beginning and end, and He is the creator. Life did not just appear or suddenly come into being from nothing by some unknown source or reason. Romans 1:19-20 reminds man that God is the creator and that none can deny His hand in creation (Holy Bible, 2011). Life was created by God. All things originated from God. The first chapter of Genesis lays

The International Financial Reporting Standards

Questions: 1. Global standardization requires the United States to adopt IFRS. What do you think are some of the factors that might discourage it from fully adopting IFRS? 2. What are the perceived benefits that would flow when a country adopts IFRS? 3. Assuming you were a free-market supporter, you oppose not only the standardization of international accounting standards in Australia, but also fundamentally the implementation of accounting regulations within Australia. You are required to provide and explain the free-market arguments in favour of reducing or eliminating accounting regulations in Australia. 4. Assuming you are now a pro-regulation supporter, you are required to provide your counter arguments in favour of regulation. Your counter arguments should address and build upon issues relating to the free-market arguments which you have discussed in part (3) above. Answers: Introduction The International Financial Reporting Standards are a guideline to how organizations should treat their company accounts and make them understandable to an international way. This in simple terms means that an accountant from any part of the world should understand the books of accounts of an organization despite the country of origin. This helps creating the international equality through the shareholding and trading activities. Adoption of the standards replace the national standards of which many countries have joined while others feel they should be independent hence leave the international guidelines (Jeanjean Stolowy, 2008). Their formal standards replace the accounting standards of countries creating uniformity which creates a harmonized accounting against the different countries. They have helped organizations across the world in interpretation of their accounts and financial statements. Despite the international recognition of the standards, there exist some factors that di scourage some countries from fully adopting the policies of the organization. Countries have in the recent past come out from the jurisdiction of the guidelines as they push for independence through their own ways as they advocate for their own rules for writing and reporting on the financial statements of the organizations. The independent accounting regulations in the different countries are strong in some areas while others have less regards for the regulations. The IFRS are internationally recognized, however, the United Sates has some reservations on why it should not fully adopt the standardization from the body. (1). The global standardization has necessitated all the countries in the world to adopt the guidelines made by the IFRS as the uniform standard measurements within which they should prepare their books in an organization. However, the United States has adopted most of the guidelines but has in the recent past had some factors that have discouraged it from fully adopting the guidelines and requirements from the IFRS (Chua et al, 2012). This has raised the attention of the important stakeholders in the country as they push for disassociation from the international body. Despite being a super power and being a leader in the world, their move in rejecting some of the requirements have caught the attention of the world. Some of the reasons that they bring forward include the need to have an independent body of their own uncharacterized by the international forum. The United States accounting bodies feel they have come a long way to follow the guidelines like any other country hence the need to break forth and make their own guidelines as they feel there is some form of control of which they break forth (Burritt Schaltegger, 2014). They adopt some of the ideas that the international body has although they do not fully embrace all the guidelines and requirements of the body on how they should prepare their statements in the organization. This has in turn made the organizations in the country adopt other forms of preparing their financial statements through the standards brought by the countrys accountants after the agreements. Another factor that discourages the country from fully adopting the IFRS is that it considers the guidelines unfit for the SME which are more in number in the country. The cost of implementation at this economy may prove difficult for some organization as there are many requirements that the IFRS have to confirm that an organization follows their stated guidelines. The question brought forth further is the relevance and ability of the standards to fit all organizations in the country considering that the country has public companies, private companies, and non-governmental organizations of which there must be books of accounts prepared at the end of their financial years (Chalmers et al, 2011). The question for the standards is whether one set of standards fits all categories as there are many provisions in each type of organization making it easy or complicating the preparation and recognition of incomes and expenses in the organizations. Other reasons that the country brings forwards is the existence of the free market which gives the organizations and major stakeholders in the economy the power to have their own standards as long as they reflect the true and fair view position of their organizations. Most organizations feel that most of the guidelines by the IFRS are theoretical which becomes further complicated in implementing through the actions. They argue that there are many errors that happen within an organization after the adoption of the standards of which most are useless and irrelevant in the type of organization adopting the standard (Carlin Finch, 2010). The requirements of the IFRS are overrated which makes it superior to the other standards that the organization adopts in their books. They are not perfect and have their own shortcomings. Others find it more complicated to implement in their organizations as they have to expand their operations within the organization. The existence of sets of standards guiding the whole world is long overdue and despite the existence of the economy as a global platform, there is need to have independence from other economies. Countries develop at different paces and the presence of the same provisions in preparations of statements makes it irrelevant (Haswell Smith, 2008). A country like the United States does not operate within the same amount of resources like a third world country which means that the adoption of the standards in such a super power and the adoption of the guidelines in a third world country makes it irrelevant. There would be some form of imbalance as one deal with large issues than the other which would bring more complications in preparation of the books. This justifies the need to come up with independent guidelines free from adopting the required regulations by the IFRS in the country. (2). There are many benefits that come with a country that adopts the guidelines and the requirements as stipulated by the International Financial Reporting Standards. For starters, it allows an international investor understand their financial statements making it simple and fast for them to make investments in the country (Cairns et al, 2011). The fact that an investor can correctly interpret the statements and perceive the performance of the organization enables international investors have particular interest especially in countries that adopt the IFRS. For instance, it means an investor in Korea can understand the financial statements of an organization in Australia hence invest more money than in one that does not embrace the standards as set out by the IFRS (Godfrey et al, 2010). Such countries attract investors as they have some form of confidence in the type of information represented in the financial statements as the right information with no misrepresentation of the financial information of the organizations. Other benefits that such a country enjoys are that the IFRS gives guidelines and the task that such organizations have is in implementing such guidelines in their organizations which is not an hard task. They have to be updated with any financial information that the IFRS releases to its users to enable them function with the latest guidelines (Burritt Schaltegger, 2014). This is an easy task compared to coming up with new guidelines from scratch. It also means that auditors from any part of the world could perform an audit on the organization and come up with a true and fair view of the organization. Financial statements prepared using the set guidelines are presentable and there is a form of consistency from one period to another which allows easier decision making and comparison between one period and another (Fosbre et al, 2009). The consistency allows the management identifies any type of change that may happen within the organization as compared to an organization that does not follow a consistent method of preparing their financial statements from one period to another. The standards as stipulated by the IFRS allows an organization deal with different changes that happen and allows a quick and efficient decision making model as organizations follow the guidelines. Such benefits to an organization ensure that they do not spend quality time on adoption of other standards that would prove confusing to the employees (Brggen et al, 2009). The transition from the internationally recognized standards may also contradict the understanding of the employees as they have to embrace in new guidelines. A country that adopts the IFRS enjoys greater benefits on the international scene through the new improved condition of the world which translates it in a global village. The complexity of the transactions and the interconnections that exist within the world economies allow the countries that have adopted the IFRS have an easy understanding of such. Such a country would have a smooth transition in investing in other countries (Brimble Hodgson, 2007). Such global and internationally recognized standards are essential as they from the long term and short term basis through the decision making model. With the inception of new models through adoption of technological advancements, it becomes morally correct and provides a uniform base in the preparation of statements of accounts. (3). The existence of a free market in the economy of any country allows the institutions make their own independent decisions based on what they experience as opposed to some rules that have no idea on what happens on the ground. Standardization in the accounting standards is a good initiative but does not justify the need to have other bodies and organizations come up with their guidelines on what they feel suits their books of accounts as well as their financial statements (Schroeder et al, 2013) (Scott, 2014). The free-market allows adjustments and room to come up with the regulations and guidelines that work for an organization across all industries. It is common to find in the industries that since they are guided and bound by the regulations from the international reporting standards, there are some things they can do or not do as they write their books of accounts (Deegan, 2013). This acts as some form of control making it hard for the organizations to expand what they reflect in the books of accounts. In an indirect way, it has led to some form of stealing through bloating and over stating some items on the financial statements to fit what they want. This in turn does not reflect the true and fair value as they assume that they should. It is common to find some statements of accounts wrongly prepared especially through an audit. Such actions reveal many underlying problems in the organization as there are no definite and consistency through the way they provide their books of account (Collin et al, 2009). A free market on the other hand is an advantage to organizations as they capture all information that they would want represented in their books. Such does not limit what kind of information to include or exclude as such determines on the agreement of the organization. Such makes it possible to find some organizations in the same industry may include some things in the statements while other may not include. The freedom on such allows some form of flexibility to the organizations. Eliminating the accounting regulations in Australia will provide a big relief to organizations both public and private as they have the freedom within which to report their finances (Nobes Parker, 2008). Such will allow room for innovations and the industries develop an accepted mode of presenting their books of account. In the room for innovations, it means that the experts in accounting procedures will have to come up with standard ways that will capture the information of any organization. Such will allow the technological innovations in the industries as people and industries grow out of the stipulated regulations and techniques. In essence, it unlocks the minds of the people through development of new and independent methods (Christensen et al, 2015). Despite the many innovations that countries like Australia may come up with due to the many innovations and room for technology, there is need to put some form of regulations to allow a standard method of reporting across all the industries. This means that at least each industry should have a common method that they have agreed upon that they will use in their reporting. (4). Allowing all industries in a country like Australia which has billions of industry would bring to confusion in firms. This means that each industry would have their own method of reporting on their books of accounts and in their financial statements (Messner, 2010). This means that there would be different presentations of the same information across different firms making it hard to arrive at a consistent conclusion further engaging the accountants in the organization for further explanation of the information they have captured in the financial statements. Such freedom makes no sense in the information prepared as one industry may prefer one method while the other may prefer the other method hence no uniformity in the information provided. This may cause an uncontrolled from of regulation in the organizations as each organization chooses a method they prefer as opposed to a stipulated method. Some organizations may abuse the freedom within which they have to prepare their financial statements hence prepare them in a way that they only understand (Love Eickemeyer, 2009). External parties interested in the financial statements like the shareholders and stakeholders as well as the government when they need to collect their taxes may have a hard time as the information captured in the financial statements may not be the true values. An organization on one hand may underestimate their value whereas in the real sense they may be going bankrupt unable to pay their creditors and should be out of business. Some organizations may not reveal the full amounts of their profits as they seek ways through which they can evade tax by giving false information (Massingham Massingham, 2014). Such will have negative results on the government as they lose revenue in other organizations making it hard to track down organizations that give untrue information on their financial statements. Another shortcoming for the freedom in regulation without an overseer in the preparation of the books of accounts may be the effect such will have on potential and interested investors who would want to invest in the industries. They may shy away after having a look at the book of accounts and since there is no understanding in the information presented therein, they may opt to venture in other areas where they feel they have a form of understanding (Jones Higgins, 2006). Such small yet significant actions may have an effect on the economy of the country like Australia where investors pull away based on the presentation of the financial statements. Despite the freedom that exists, some controlled method may have an effect on the organizations as they present the information. Conclusion The support for or against the adoption of the IFRS depends on an individual country and the type of support that they will gain from the adoption. Every accounting standard adopted by each country should satisfy the needs of the companies therein reflecting high-quality standards that will allow the highest level of comparability (Ball, 2006). This would make the investors on the local and international scene have an understanding of the financial statements. They should meet within the international standards while serving and satisfying the investors and other major public stakeholders who may have some form of interest in the countrys investments. This means that despite the guidelines adopted, they should reflect the true value of the organization in the financial statements prepared. On the other hand, an external accountant should be in a position to understand the financial statements provided. The quality of information prepared should be of high quality despite the type of standard adopted by the organization. Investors should have a way through which they understand the financial statements prepared and the accounting research used depict a high value of disclosures. There should be no form of defects in the statements of accounts prepared as they should reveal the true information while at the same time reveal high quality information about the organization. The basis of recognition and the measurements, as well as the recognition of all items in the books should be understandable to the shareholders and other parties interested in the financial statements (Adibah et al, 2013). The standards adopted should enable the accountants of the organization provide timely, transparent, and independent information through all the modifications made in the statements. They should indeed be comparable within the international scene in a case that they were subjected to internationa l investors. They should be in a position to understand the statements enabling them make their investments decisions. References Adibah Wan Ismail, W., Anuar Kamarudin, K., Van Zijl, T., Dunstan, K. (2013). Earnings quality and the adoption of IFRS-based accounting standards: Evidence from an emerging market.Asian review of accounting,21(1), 53-73. Ball, R. (2006). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors.Accounting and business research,36(sup1), 5-27. Brimble, M., Hodgson, A. (2007). On the intertemporal value relevance of conventional financial accounting in Australia.Accounting Finance,47(4), 599-622. Brggen, A., Vergauwen, P., Dao, M. (2009). Determinants of intellectual capital disclosure: evidence from Australia.Management Decision,47(2), 233-245. Burritt, R., Schaltegger, S. (2014). Accounting towards sustainability in production and supply chains.The British Accounting Review,46(4), 327-343. Cairns, D., Massoudi, D., Taplin, R., Tarca, A. (2011). IFRS fair value measurement and accounting policy choice in the United Kingdom and Australia.The British Accounting Review,43(1), 1-21.

Role of Government in Australian Employment Development

Australian government has had substantial influence on the employment of its people since 1980. Many reforms have been made since then that have benefited the employers and employees equally. The government’s flexibility to make agreement on reforms on industrial relations was a major stepping stone for Australian labor force. Most reforms were in accordance with the human resource requirements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Government in Australian Employment Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employment is one critical organ of an economy. It is an important measurement for the development of an economy. Since 1980, Australia has received dramatic changes in its labor markets. Great changes in the employment contract lead to the facilitation of the labor regulations. The passage of the 1991 employment contract Act had the greatest impact which was positive. Australia industrial relati on reforms did not start with decentralization but rather centralized wage determination and varying national wage rates which were linked to prices directly. In Australia the labor force comprises those people of ages about sixteen and above and is actively involved in full or part time employment. The unemployed too are part of the labor force. The government is involved in policy making. Its effect of policy making has a lot of influence on the sectors that man the economy of every country (Lunsbury Nick 2011). In Australia, the chapter 3 reviews by the government in the early 80s did affect the labor force. For instance, the reviews led to a decline in central management of finances and the public service sector in general. Agencies and individual departments had the liberty to control their work on their own. These reforms meant that the managers of organizations had the sole responsibility of directing their organizations towards achieving work performance and goals (Edge 200 0). This also meant that the concerned leaders of organizations were answerable to commissions, the government and the parliament. However, the organizations still retained their old ethical values. Considering The Public Reform Service Act, This act was amended in about 1984. It gave more liberty to the employment section (Lunsbury Nick 2011). Some of the good reports in the act included increased resource allocation methods, responsiveness to them new government, assessment of the roles of agencies and a competitive central government.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another good report was on employment. This meant that there would be equal employment opportunities to every single citizen. Major strong focuses of the reform included frame works for employment and deregulation, devolution integration of Australian Public Service (APS) in industrial relations (Niland, 198 0). In 1996, there were yet new reforms on the Public Service Act (Niland, 1980). This time round, the reforms were directed on innovation and more technological advancement. This meant a great improvement on the workforce for the government the Australian people. In addition to innovation, the reform was also to enhance professionalism and commitment of the public sector. Provision of a good and enabling environment was also a part of the reform strategies. Providing a viable environment was to encourage commitment and creativity and also to create opportunities for the job seekers. These reforms of the early 90s however met several challenges. Some of the challenges were due to cultural background, As for the economic status, Niland (1980) explains that the rate of employment and unemployment is closely related to the status of the economy. In 1980, Australia had a steady state decrease in the employment opportunities. By 2002, the status had shifted to more employment for the peo ple. This decrease in employment rate continued until the mid years of the new millennium (Lewis 2006). The decrease was very alarming as it escalated from good to bad. Recession was the main reason for the tremendous decrease in employment. The economy was having a reversed state of growth that affected the labor markets. However, this economic issue was not inborn in Australia but originated from the United States and the global arena at large. The down slope of economy in the US and globally resulted into reduced growth in Australia (Lewis 2006). In addition, the exports also reduced disastrously influencing the rate of employment. Considering Governments’ Role in Employment. In the period of early 1900, the Australian government had a centralized rule that governed almost every section of the country’s developmental aspects. There was more regulation that prevented the labor force from having liberty. The unions gave out a raw deal for employment hence; it was not one of the best choices for the people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Government in Australian Employment Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decentralization became an open door of opportunity for the development of industrial relations. Formally the main body that regulated the labor force was the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission (Maitland 2004). This was later replaced by the Australian Industrial Relations Commission. This body was responsible for the creation of awards from the commencement of its existence. It brought out a paradigm shift in the employment sector. Some of the issues advocated for by this commission were on minimum wage number, equity in employment, favorable payment for workers and issues of unfair dismissal from work place. It is during this time of decentralization that there arose development of the manufacturing industries (Niland, 1980). As for F unctions of the Industrial Relations Commission, bargaining of agreements was the main focus of the Industrial relations Commission. Main changes have been experienced by the commission. These changes include the reduction in union power and density, structural change, legislative change and formation of more non standardized form of employment (Lewis 2006). The GDP of Australia is over one Trillion US dollars (Lunsbury Nick 2011). With a population of twenty one million, The Australian government has been able to provide employment for about eighty percent of its people. Employment patterns have shifted greatly since 1980. There has been an expansion of non standard employment such as outsourcing, casual work, temporary jobs and labor market intermediaries in conjunction with agencies. The greatest of all was the rapid development of the part time jobs. The establishment of the work choice act in 1996 resulted to more liberty to the employees and employers. The fair work act of 20 09 included the bargaining of work choices by union leaders. They were not to allow imposition of laws to the employers without a thought out agreement by the two groups (Lunsbury Nick 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The union groups declined at a rapid state since the non standardized employment started encroaching into the country. The jobs that had much union regulation decreased for example employment from manufacturing industries. On the other hand, the service industry improved a great deal and was less controlled by unions. Moreover, different industries resolved to have their own internal unions hence barring the external union deals. Before decentralization there were no strikes in by the work force of Australia. This is because the laws then enacted in the early 1900s prohibited strikes. There was lots of working hours lost due to work disputes that could not be solved. But, at the inception of the right for the labor force to air the views, the work disputes reduced a great deal (Lunsbury Nick 2011). The agreement on strikes stated that workers could only strike at designated times and for various reasons presented to the respective labor force commission. These agreements led to ami cable resolution of conflicts and misunderstanding in employment sector. Considering types of Underemployment in Australia gives more information about the status of employment and industrial relations objective. Underemployment is a real issue that is present in all countries. Every government employs every strategy possible to reduce this state because it is used to describe stability of every nation. Events of curbing the issue of unemployment cannot be underrated because they determine the way forward in dealing with employment issues. Discovering the issues that relate to underemployment can help solve the issue (Fan, 2005). Moreover, government strategies are better off when working out the issue of underemployment. Therefore, it is important to highlight unemployment issues so as to know various ways of prevent its increase. Some of the notable forms of underemployment types and reasons are listed below. As for, Structural Underemployment, rapid development in technology may result in loss of employment for a bigger percentage of a country. Rise in technology as displaced a number of work force mainly in the manufacturing industries. For instance, an employee in a vehicle manufacturing industry may find it had to find a job in other industries after losing hi/her job. This is because he/she may not have the required skills of other industries. The use of novel technology has deprived many people of opportunities in work place. Fan (2005) says that when real wage exceed productivity, employers do opt for equipments to substitute the work force. In this case there occurs reduction in employment and hence an increase in the unemployed people. Flexible labor market, reforms in the micro economy and increased efficiencies were the main reasons for unemployment in Australia in the early 1990s. Moreover the increased rate of economic growth and reduction in structural unemployment resulted into a decrease in employment. Considering Cyclical Underemployment In times when the economy is in boom state, the employment status is likely to increase due to increased demand for labor to sort out the increased job availability. In Australia the boom occurred in the period between 1999-2001 and 2006-2007. On the other hand, recession leads to decrease in employment therefore leading to cyclical unemployment. As for Hidden Underemployment, this involved people who had lost hope seeking for a job opportunity. These people just sit back discouraged by recession and economic status. To cater for this habit of losing job, the government opted to advise employers to reduce working hours so as to save the jobs (Gauja, 1987). This strategy helped reduce unemployment during Australian recession in 2009. As for the fictional unemployment, this type of unemployment is basically for school leavers. It is not real employment because there is a lot of sifting from one job to another with a lot of transition between new entrants or jobs to the labor force (Fan 2 005). Considering Natural State of Unemployment, This form of unemployment can change over a period of time. This is a state of unemployment that can be attained without inflation. In Australia, this state is called the Non Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU) (Gauja, 1987). It nature that is dictated by structural unemployment can only be solved through microeconomic policy reforms. When labor supply and demand are at equilibrium, there is no point for labor search. In such cases, employment rate reduces due to full employment. This prevents further employment since the whole labor force cannot be provided with employment opportunities at ago. Other forms of unemployment under this section include seasonal, cyclical, structural, hard core and frictional unemployment (Gauja, 1987). As for Hard Core Underemployment, in every country there are people who suit employment and those who do not suit employment (Gauja, 1987). Requirements for employment vary from one place t o another. There are people who do not fit the requirements totally. Such people do not get employed for the entire life. These group forms the group for the unemployed too. Considering Regulation of Employer Employee Relations, Industrial regulations established by the government helped regulate the relations between government and employment sector. These activities were geared towards improving the relationship between the employees and employers (Niland 1980). The judicial arm and legislative arm of government both participated into seeing the employment sector succeed in its operations. The introduction of a third part in the employment sector was to help see to it that there was no exploitation of employees by employers. This also resulted into equal employment provision for all. The regulation of employment by government as third party is not an issue. The issue applies on trust. Another issue that was of more concern at the inception of regulations was the capacity of busine sses in Australia to compete internationally. Most regulations could reduce productivity and hence affect the international markets negatively. Those employees that were mostly affected were the semiskilled and unskilled (Gauja 1987). Therefore the changes in regulation benefited the employees at individual and enterprise level. This is because wages and conditions of employment were mainly determined by individual or enterprises. According to Lewis (2008), Gender equality is a critical issue in every government. In Australia, forty two percent of people employed are female the rest are male. Although this ratio is not bad, the options for employment are not satisfactory. Women work in low paying jobs compared to men. However, the situation for employment in Australia is better off than most countries. Therefore, the issue of gender is not a big deal. The government further perpetuated increased rate of economic growth by several reforms on different sectors for the benefit of the c ommon individual. The great and steady state increase in economic growth can help retain workers in their job for a very long time. The creation of favorable conations for employees is also important if the government wants to prevent issues of unemployment (Stuart 1997). The government of Australia acted prudently to allow the labor industry to have liberty of its activities. With the decentralization issue, the industrial relations stood at a better position to work out the discrepancies that were in the labor industry so as to create a new labor force. In conclusion Employment issue is a very critical issue for every economy. The government should not have control of most of the basic issue of the labor force and industrial relations. Te government of Australia pulled away from decision making issues concerning the labor section. This was very important because it is the employees and employers themselves who can understand their strengths and weaknesses better. The government so le purpose is to protect the employees and employers. It should only come in where there are misconceptions and issues of dictatorship or misunderstanding in the labor sector. Reduced government regulations can help in improving efficiency in the industrial relations sector. Reference List Edge, K 2000,â€Å"Structural Change and Microeconomic†, Journal of Economics Policy. Web. Fan, L 2005, Work Place Relations, Routlegde, New York. Gauja, A 1987,â€Å"Employment and Non-employment†, Australian Bureau of Statistic. Web. Lewis, W 2006, â€Å"Employment in Australia†, Australian Economic Journal. Web. Lunsbury, R and Nick, W 2011, International and Comparative Employment: Employment Relations in Australia, 5th edn, Sage Publications, Sydney. Maitland, E 2004, Labor Force: Economics and Political Science, Routledge, Sydney. Niland, J 1980, â€Å"Industrial Labor Relations†, Industrial Labor Relations Associations. Web. Stuart, S 1997, â€Å"Work Forceâ₠¬ , Australian Labor Movement. Web. This essay on Role of Government in Australian Employment Development was written and submitted by user J0anna to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Interpersonal Skills in Everyday Life

Introduction When it comes down to addressing different life-challenges, it represents the matter of a crucial importance to be aware of what may account for these challenges’ discursive significance. In its turn, this explains why the most effective methods of finding a solution to particularly challenging real-life situations are being commonly discussed within the conceptual framework of psychological and educational theories, the application of which can be deemed contextually appropriate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Skills in Everyday Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In my paper, I will aim to explore the validity of this thesis at length, while describing the discursively relevant incident, taken out of my personal life-experiences, specifying how I was able to define the incident’s theoretical significance, and elaborating upon how I approached the task of putting my kn owledge of this incident’s theoretical subtleties into a practical use. Description of the incident The incident, on which I am going to focus throughout the course of this paper’s initial sub-chapter, took place when I was still attending a high school. Back then, it used to be a commonplace practice, among our school’s teachers, to encourage academically successful students to help their not so successful classmates in addressing home-assignments, provided at school. Being considered one of the class’s brightest and socially responsible students, it did not come as a particular surprise to me that I was asked to consider tutoring Jamal (the person’s name is being altered due to privacy considerations), whose parents have recently immigrated to Australia from Pakistan. The problem with this student was the fact that, apart from lacking conversational skills in Australian English, which was assumed to hamper his socialization-related abilities, he was also exhibiting a strong aversion of theoretically intense academic assignments, especially when being required to deal with math-related homework. At that time, I was fully convinced that the slow pace of Jamal’s academic progress was of an essentially environmental nature. That is, I assumed that the reason why this student was lagging behind his peers in just about every academic discipline, is that he did not have enough time to acclimatize to the realities of living in Australia. In addition, I believed that the particulars of Jamal’s family-situation (he was the oldest child in the family of nine) were naturally prompting him to adopt a neglectful attitude towards the studying, as he was required to help his parents in raising his younger brothers and sisters.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it did not take me too long to realize that there must h ave been a number of clearly non-environmental aspects to Jamal’s clearly defined inability to cope with many of his homework assignments on its own. The realization of this fact, on my part, took place when he and I decided to stay in the classroom, after the end of classes for that day, and to go through a particular math-assignment, which Jamal appeared to have had a hard time while dealing with. The first thing I asked Jamal about, was about what he thought was especially troubling about the math-equation, he was required to resolve. To this question, Jamal replied, â€Å"It is hard for me to keep all these numbers in my mind, because I cannot relate to them personally†. Apparently, Jamal was experiencing a problem, while trying to understand the actual point in spending time to find a solution to the earlier mentioned math-equation. I tried to explain to him that the reason why students are being required to take math-classes is that it is supposed to make them mo re comfortable with the realities of today’s highly technological living. I remember saying to Jamal, â€Å"Even though that math-equations are utterly abstract, without them we would not be able to design several life-enhancing technologies, which people in Western countries take for granted†. Jamal’s response was somewhat dismaying, â€Å"I do not intend to become a scientist†¦ Why should I be required to learn all of this science stuff?†. Eventually, it started to dawn on me that, far from being prevented to improve his grades by some external forces, Jamal was experiencing a problem with ‘digesting’ the taught material cognitively because the innermost workings of his psyche predetermined such state of affairs. In its turn, this prompted me to consider the possibility that the very procedural framework of how Australian educators approach the task of teaching students, maybe ill-adjusted to Jamal’s learning-related psychologic al inclinations. This is because Jamal grew up in a highly traditional/religious society, where people do not necessarily think of the concept of scientific progress; as such that defines the foremost aspects of their everyday living. As I continued trying to come to terms with what accounted for obstacles, on the way of Jamal striving to improve his grades, the validity of my initial insight, in this respect, was becoming ever more apparent. This is because I realized that, apart from experiencing an emotional uncomfortableness with the thoroughly abstract content of what was being taught to him in math-classes, Jamal was also growing uncomfortable with the manner, in which academic materials used to be presented to him.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Skills in Everyday Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The realization of this fact, on my part, occurred when, after having tried to pay attenti on to what I was saying for a while, Jamal suddenly turned to me and said, â€Å"I do not think I can benefit a lot from being tutored by a girl. You do not seriously think you are being in a position to tell me what I am supposed to do with my life, do you?†. Apparently, due to the religious specifics of his upbringing, Jamal never ceased referring to women as being inferior to men (Moore, 1992). This is why, while understanding perfectly well that he was indeed in a position to benefit from being tutored by his more academically advanced classmates, Jamal nevertheless could never get comfortable with the idea of gender egalitarianism, which in turn caused him to adopt a somewhat cautious attitude towards me, as a person who was genuinely interested in helping him to improve his grades. However, being a thoroughly tolerant individual, I did not allow the realization of this fact to affect my willingness to help Jamal. After having spent some time with him, I concluded that o ne of the reasons why Jamal seemed to be rather unenthusiastic about taking care of his homework assignments, is that the strength of his motivation to pursue with the studying was somewhat undermined. In order to confirm the validity of my suspicion, in this respect, I asked Jamal, â€Å"Do you realize that you should be personally interested in applying as much effort as possible towards becoming a thoroughly educated individual, because otherwise, you will not be able to attain a social prominence?†. To this, Jamal replied, â€Å"I do realize that. It is just the manner in which teachers treat me implies that I should be deriving an absolute pleasure out of the very process of being taught. However, I cannot do this – the studying makes sense to me for as long as I perceive it as such that has a practical value. And, I do not think that the process of solving math-equations may have such a value†. This particular Jamal’s remark caused me to consider th e possibility that the actual cause of his lessened ability to excel academically was concerned with the fact that the procedural framework of how teachers used to go about educating Jamal, was not consistent with his psychological predispositions. In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, even though that as time goes on, Australian society is becoming ever more multicultural, the teaching-related conceptual methodologies in the field of education remain thoroughly euro-centric. That is, these methodologies do not take into account the fact that the specifics of students’ ethnocultural affiliation do affect their attitude towards studying – hence, influencing students’ chances to obtain diplomas. The earlier described incident prompted me to think that, in order to increase the rate of retention among students, educators may never cease being fully aware of what accounts for the biologically predetermined essence of every particular student’s cognitive inclinations.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In its turn, this would require teachers to familiarize themselves with the basics of Jungian psychoanalysis/Maslow’s theory of motivation, the application of which, within the context of how truly effective learning methodologies are being designed, appears indispensable. In the next part of this paper, I will outline the conceptual subtleties of Jungian psychoanalysis/Maslow’s theory of motivation, as such that is being consistent with what I consider the theoretical implications of the earlier described incident. Own feelings and thoughts in response to the incident The conceptual cornerstone of Jungian theory is the assumption that there are essentially two different realities – the internal (psychological) reality of one’s psyche and the external (material/social) reality of an outside world. A particular individual’s continual and simultaneous exposure to these two realities invariably results in him or her striving to attain the state of an emotional/cognitive equilibrium between them – individuation. In its turn, this presents such an individual with a number of different challenges, because in accordance with the Jungian theory’s another essential provision, even though that one psyche’s ‘conscious’ and ‘unconscious’ spheres do derive out of each other, they nevertheless function in a mostly unconnected manner (Jourard, 1974). Whereas, formally speaking, one’s consciousness can be best described as being rationale-driven; the actual rationale behind an individual’s tendency to react to life’s challenges in one manner or another reflects the workings of his or her unconscious. For example, a well-known tendency of young men to strive towards achieving complete independence from their parents, often extrapolated by their behavioral aggressiveness, Jung refers to as the sublimation of these men’s selfish desires. However, the strength of one†™s desires, in this respect, is being defined by the extent of his association with the so-called ‘collective archetypes’ (historically predetermined matrixes for societal behavior), which exist in the realm of ‘collective unconscious’ – a rudimentary behavioral pattern, shared by all humans (Hillman, 1996). Therefore, one’s emotional/cognitive contentment, reflected by his or her ability to act in a socially appropriate manner, can be best conceptualized as a byproduct of the sheer strength of such an individual’s commitment to remain on the path of self-actualization (individuation). Self-actualization, however, can only be achieved if the concerned individual proves itself intellectually honest enough to admit what accounts for the qualitative essence of his or her psychological complexes (the suppressed values of one’s conscious self). Hence, another important aspect of Jungian theory, relevant to the proposed study’ s subject matter – every person can be referred to as a simultaneous bearer of masculine (animus) and feminine (anima) psychological traits, which usually sublimate themselves in such a person’s tendency to interact with the surrounding reality in either the introverted (rationale-driven/masculine) or the extroverted (emotion-driven/feminine) mode. According to Keirsey and Bates (1984), â€Å"Extraverts, with their need for sociability, appear to be energized, or ‘tuned up’ by people†¦ Pursuing solitary activities, working quietly alone†¦ participating in activities which involve few or no other people – these seem to charge the batteries of the introvert† (p. 15). In its turn, the extent of one’s affiliation with the values of introversion/extraversion can be well measured in regards to the qualitative essence of the concerned individual’s cognitive predispositions. Because Jungian theory does not only establish diale ctically predetermined links between the subtleties of individuals’ psycho-constitution and the manner in which they go about socializing with others, but also provide researchers with the scientifically legitimate methodology for conducting a qualitative inquiry into what accounts for the innermost triggers of people’s societal behavior, the adoption of Jungian psychological paradigm in our case appears entirely appropriate. There is also another theory, the application of which appears to be potentially capable of explaining the significance of the earlier mentioned incident – Maslow’s theory of motivation. According to this American psychologist, the spectrum of just about all human motivations appears hierarchically structured – hence, Maslow’s famous ‘the hierarchy of needs’ conception. The first premise of this conception is based upon the assumption that people’s needs can be categorized as animalistic/physiologica l, on the one hand, and intellectual/metaphysical, on the other. After having satisfied their physiological needs (or first-order needs), concerned with ensuring that there is plenty of food, water and sex, people begin aspiring to satisfy their second-order needs, such as finding a well-paid job and securing their social niches. After that, people usually move on to satisfy their third-order and fourth-order needs, such as striving to attain the sense of self-esteem and the respect of others. The top of Maslow’s ‘pyramid of needs’ features people’s longing for self-actualization. There is one more aspect of Maslow’s conceptualization of self-actualization, which appears especially relevant to my experience of having dealt with Jamal – the fact that Maslow used to distinguish between ‘deficit-motivated’ and ‘growth-motivated’ modes of self-actualization. According to him; whereas, the majority of the deficit-motivate d individuals tend to think of the concept of self-actualization as something rather instrumental (for them, being a self-actualized individual is synonymous to being a socially established individual), growth-motivated individuals think of self-actualization in terms of a never-ending process, which represents a high metaphysical value as ‘thing in itself’. That is, growth-motivated individuals actually derive much more pleasure out of remaining on the path towards achieving a particular goal, rather than out of realizing the fact that their goal has already been achieved. Maslow (1968) defines ‘growth-motivation’ in terms of â€Å"The ability of healthy people to transform means-activity into end-experience, so that even instrumental activity is enjoyed as if it were end activity† (p. 31). Even though that Maslow does not specify a psychological foundation, upon which people’s growth-motivated strive towards self-actualization is based, we c an well hypothesize that it is being concerned with genetically and environmentally predetermined particulars of how people tend to perceive the surrounding reality and their place in it (Rogers, 1961; Rogers, 1967). The validity of such our hypothesis can be explored in regards to the fact that individuals with non-Western cultural backgrounds have traditionally been assumed to possess a so-called ‘holistic’ or ‘Apollonian’ mentality, which in turn presupposes their tendency to ‘blend’ with the surrounding environment rather than to be willing to subject alive themselves within this environment, as the active agents of its continual transformation (Neville, 1996). In this respect, these individuals differ rather dramatically from those who happened to possess a so-called ‘Faustian’ mentality, which causes its affiliates to adopt a particularly active stance, while seeking self-actualization. According to Greenwood (2009), ‘F austian’ existential virtues are being concerned with the assumption that, â€Å"Individual’s willpower must never cease combating obstacles, that the catastrophes of existence come as an inevitable culmination of past choices and experiences, and that the conflict is the essence of existence† (p. 53). Therefore, it makes a thorough, logical sense to think of people’s varying ability to choose in favor of adopting deficit-motivated (holistic) or growth-motivated (Faustian) modes of self-actualization in terms of what happened to be the characteristics of their ethnocultural background. In the next part of this paper, I will aim to show how the earlier described theories (Jungian psychoanalysis and Maslow’s theory of motivation) can be applied, within the context of us defining the discursive significance of Jamal’s lack of academic progress. I will also come up with recommendations, as to what may be considered a proper approach towards refo rming the system of national education, in order for it to be more consistent with the realities of a multicultural living. Theory to make meaning of the incident and responses While describing the incident with Jamal, I mentioned that he appeared to have experienced problems with the fact that he could not emotionally relate to what has been taught to him. In its turn, this can be well explained, once we assess the significance of this incident through the conceptual lenses of Jung and Maslow’s theories. After all, the Jungian categorization of people, as such that belong to two qualitatively different psycho-types, does provide us with an insight into what can be considered the behavioral emanations of people’s affiliation with either of these psycho-types (Coleman Hendry, 1990). For example, one of the extroverts’ foremost psychological traits has traditionally been considered their tendency to prefer the specifically collective forms of learning. The reason for this is quite apparent – while studying in groups, extraverts are being able to establish emotional links between the significance of abstract knowledge, they acquire while participating in a particular academic activity, and their socialization-related experiences. Therefore, there is nothing odd about the fact that Jamal did not exhibit much of enthusiasm, while being required to tackle his home-assignments in a sharply defined solitary mode. This is because there are several good reasons for him to be identified as an extrovert, who is being naturally inclined to prefer communally intensive existential pursuits. The validity of this statement can be illustrated in regards to the particulars of Jamal’s upbringing – ever since his early childhood years, he was taught to believe that the sense of self-identity, on his part, was not qualitatively different from what accounted for the reasons of self-identity, on the part of his numerous sisters and brothers. Moreover, Jamal also used to be encouraged to access the significance of how he would position himself in life, as such that could not be discussed outside of such his positioning’ effects on the integrity of a religious community, to which he was born. This is exactly the reason why, despite the Jamal’s appearance of a strongly religious individual (he would always wear a turban, while in public), which should have resulted in him being a somewhat socially withdrawn person, he always seemed to derive great pleasure out of socializing with his peers. What it means is that Jamal’s academic failures can be partially attributed to the collapse of the Australian system of education to continue undergoing a conceptual transformation, as the mean of maintaining its effectiveness. After all, as the incident with Jamal indicates, while providing him with homework assignments, teachers were not taking into account the possibility that, due to the nature of his cognitive predispositions, Jamal could not excel in solitary learning. Apparently, even though it now became a commonplace practice among many Australian educators to praise multiculturalism, only a few of them seem to realize the educational implications of this governmentally sponsored policy. For example, in the light of recent socio-demographic developments, the practice of encouraging ethnically diverse students to embrace the ideals of gender egalitarianism may no longer be considered thoroughly appropriate. This is because, as the incident with Jamal pointed out to, a particular student’s chances to succeed in the studying cannot be discussed outside of what accounts for the qualitative essence of his or her affiliation with a ‘collective archetype’. And, it is namely students that, due to the specifics of their upbringing and the biologically predetermined workings of their psyche, are being predisposed towards professing the so-called ‘traditional valuesâ⠂¬â„¢, which appear especially ‘archetypical’ in how they address life-challenges. In its turn this explains why Jamal used to refer to me in a clearly misogynist manner – this was nothing but a consequence of the discursive realities of his highly traditional/religious private living having been strikingly different from the secularized realities of Australian schooling. Hence, a particular paradox – if encouraged to disregard ‘traditional values’, with which he was endowed, while in Pakistan, Jamal would have indeed been more likely to attain a social prominence in Australia, as a highly secularized country. Yet, this would simultaneously result in his sense of self-esteem having sustained a powerful blow (Moreno, 2010). However, one’s endowment with this sense is one of the crucial preconditions for him or her to be able to excel in academic studies, â€Å"Research indicates a positive correlation between self-esteem and school achi evement†¦ School-based programs aimed at enhancing students’ self-esteem have been found to increase positive feelings about self, decrease absenteeism and enhance students’ success at school† (Krause, 2010, p. 103). What it implies is that it is either the country’s policy-makers reconsider the appropriateness of incorporation of ‘celebration of diversity’ policy, as an integral part of the national system of education, or they do in fact revise the very principles, upon which this system’s current functioning continues to be based. Being thoroughly compatible with the methodology of Jungian psychoanalysis, Maslow’s theory of motivation will also come in particularly handy, when it comes to discussing the significance of my experience with Jamal. Given Jamal’s responses to my questions, he can be well-identified as a deficit-motivated individual. That is, while recognizing rationally that it was in his interests to r efer to his studies in terms of his foremost priority, Jamal nevertheless proved himself quite incapable of doing it. This is because, unlike what it happened to be the case with growth-learners, who derive an emotional satisfaction from being in the process of addressing different educational challenges, Jamal could not help but to perceive the discursive significance of his student-status from an essentially utilitarian perspective – just as deficit-motivated learners usually do (Kegan Lahey, 2001). Therefore, the Jamal’s lack of enthusiasm in solving math-equations is fully explainable – he simply could not understand how his potential proficiency in this particular activity could have benefited him, in the social sense of this word. After all, Jamal never considered the possibility of pursuing the career of a mathematician. This, of course, does not suggest that, as opposed to growth-motivated individuals, Jamal could never grow comfortable with the process of acquiring new knowledge. What appears to be the issue, in this respect, is that, as it was already mentioned, the system of Australian education remains thoroughly euro-centric, which is why its representatives, in charge of designing educational policies, continue referring to growth-motivated (Faustian) learning methodologies, as such that is being universally applicable, regardless of happened to be the essence of the concerned students’ psychological inclinations (Pajak, 2000). This situation can hardly be referred to as being entirely appropriate, because as my experience of having dealt with Jamal suggests, many ethnically diverse students in Australia are being denied an opportunity to focus on studying what they feel they really want to study. There is another significant aspect to the application of Jungian psychoanalysis to the earlier mentioned incident – the fact that it does imply the full objectiveness of Jung’s idea that, when it comes to defi ning the nature of a particular individual’s cognitive leanings, it represents the matter of a crucial importance to be able to gain an in-depth insight into the varying extent of his or her affiliation with masculine (animus) and feminine (amine) existential virtues. This is because a closer analysis of how Jamal acted towards me and how he addressed my remarks, suggests that, despite having been the representative of a ‘strong gender’ (which partially explains his misogynist attitudes), in the psychological sense of this word, Jamal was more of a ‘female’. After all, as opposed to what it is being the case with introverts, known for their tendency to address life-challenges in a thoroughly logical and rationale-driven manner, psychologically extroverted individuals prefer relying on the sheer strength of their subliminal intuition, while trying to make the best out of life. The fact that Jamal unconsciously disliked the procedural methodology of a conventional learning, concerned with the practice of students being handed out home assignments and prompted to work on them in the privacy of their homes, does indirectly validate this statement’s legitimacy. However, the practice indicates that individuals with plenty of anime inside of them (extraverts), are being emotionally vulnerable to the attempts to ‘correct’ their innately felt cognitive predispositions (Belenky et al.,1997) Therefore, the fact that eurocentrically-minded teachers continued giving Jamal a hard time, because of his failure to live up to their discursively defined expectations of an ‘academic fitness’, was not entirely justified. In fact, the reason why at times Jamal appeared being affected by depression, may well be discussed as a result of his holistically functioning Apollonian psyche having been forced to appropriate Faustian (rational) values (Faber Mazlish, 1996). Given what has been said earlier, we are now being in a position to summarize this paper’s main argumentative points: The assumption that, regardless of the specifics of their ethnocultural affiliation, all students are being equally comfortable with rationale-driven (euro-centric) educational methodologies, can no longer be considered as such that represents an undeniable truth-value. While exposing students to a particular learning methodology, teachers may never cease remaining thoroughly observant of what may account for the discursive essence of the concerned students’ collective archetype. Students should be provided with an opportunity to study in a manner that is being fully attuned to their psychological needs, which in turn derive out of the biologically predetermined workings of their unconscious. I believe that the earlier deployed line of argumentation, in regards to what can be considered the actual significance of my experience with Jamal, is being fully consistent with the paper’s initial thesis. Apparently, the time has come for educators not only to be proclaiming their formal allegiance to the ideals of multiculturalism but also to apply a practical effort into establishing objective preconditions for ethnically diverse students to be able to explore their full existential potential, while in Australian schools, colleges and universities. The utilization of Jung and Maslow’s theories, as instruments of identifying the innermost nature of students’ cognitive inclinations, may come in particularly handy, in this respect. References Belenky, M., Clinchy, B., Goldberger, N., Tarule, J. (1997). Women’s ways of  knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books. Coleman, J. Hendry, L. (1990). The nature of adolescence. London and New York: Routledge. Faber, A. Mazlish, E. (1996). How to talk so kids can learn. New York: Simon Schuster. Greenwood, S. (2009). Anthropology of magic. Oxford: Berg Publishers. Hillman, J. (1996). The soul’s code: In search of character and calling. New York: Random House. Jourard, S. (1974). Healthy personality: An Approach from the viewpoint of  humanistic psychology. New York: Mcmillan Publishing Co. Keirsey, D. Bates, M. (1984). Please understand me: Character and temperament  types. Del Mar: Prometheus Nemesis Book Company. Kegan, R. Lahey, L. (2001). How the way we talk can change the way we work:  Seven languages for transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Krause, K. (2010). Educational psychology for learning and teaching. South Melbourne: Cengage Learning. Moore, T. (1992). The soul: A guide for cultivating depth and sacredness in everyday  life. New York: HarperPerrenial. Moreno, R. (2010). Educational psychology. New York: John Wiley Sons. Neville, B. (1996). Five kinds of empathy. In R. Hutterer, G. Pawlowsky, P. Smith, R. Stipsits (Eds.) Client-centered and experiential psycho-therapy: A Paradigm in motion (pp. 439-453). Frankfurt: Peter Lang. P ajak, E. (2000). Approaches to clinical supervision. Norwood: Christopher- Gordon publishers, Inc. Rogers, C. (1967). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of  psychotherapy. London: Constable. Rogers, C. (1961). A therapist’s view of the good life: The fully functioning Person. In C. Rogers (Ed.) On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of  psychotherapy (pp. 184-196). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. This essay on Interpersonal Skills in Everyday Life was written and submitted by user Mariyah Matthews to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Different Roles of Political Parties †Government Essay

Different Roles of Political Parties – Government Essay Free Online Research Papers Different Roles of Political Parties Government Essay In the United States, there are three major groups and they are: political party, interest group and lobbyist, and the media. These three main groups are important and each of them plays a different role. Also they can give a positive or a negative impact on the American Political System and on the people in the United States. One of the main groups is political party. A major political party can be defined as a group of people who seek in control of government through winning the election, and holding a public office but the minor party is different. Their role is to play â€Å"spoiler role† in an election and this party can also be useful as critic and innovators. This political party has five major functions, which are nominating, informer-stimulator, the Seal of Approval, governmental, and watchdog. During its nominating function, the political party nominates or names a candidate to represent their party. In the informer-stimulator function, they inform the people and stimulate their interests and participation in public affairs. During the Seal of Approval function, political party grants a seal of approval to its candidates who are both qualified and have good character. In the governmental function, the party governs government in the United States and most of their business is conducted on a partisan basis. The last role that political party has is watchdog function. This function allows the party to act as watchdogs over the conduct of the public’s business. These functions can give negative and/or positive impacts. In the United States, there are two major political parties, the Democrats and the Republicans. Some of aspects of the party’s campaigns can enforce a negative impact on people. Some of the negative impacts are that political parties are election-oriented not issue-oriented so they ignore issues and they just want people our votes to win public office. Another negative impact is that their minds are separated; they are interested in different interests and different ideas. Also these parties divide people in the United States and if these parties divide the country, some parts of the country will try to separate. In addition to that, they use our money to campaign, to inform, and etc; and they borrow money if they want to overuse money. Interest groups are the main group in the United States. Interest groups are the private organizations whose members share certain views and work to shape the making and the content of public policy. Also they are known as pressure group or special interest. Interest groups try to influence the policies of the government and they do strike on the one thing they focus on. This group gives a lot of positive impacts to America. These groups don’t seek for votes; they are only interested in influencing the policies of government and they help to stimulate the interests in public affairs. Also they provide useful specialized and detailed information to the government. In addition to that these groups provide checks and balances on each other and the behavior of officials in the government. Interest groups are mostly found in economic interest and they use propaganda, which is a technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behavior. Sometimes the lobbyist helps t he interest groups by lobbying. Lobbying is usually defined as those activities by which a group pressures are brought to hear on legislators and the legislative process and this helps the interest groups to take their interests or the issue that they focus on to the government. These interest groups seek to institute certain governments and public policies to benefit all or most of the people in the country. Another group in the United States is the media. The Media is TV, radio, films, books, magazines and newspapers. They provide political information. The Media has the power to focus the public attention on a particular issue and help to shape the public agenda-what people talk about. The Media is big and huge. They make candidates less dependent on parties and have changed the way people campaign, placing the emphasis more on the matters of style than on substances. These groups can give both negative and positive impacts. They can help to reach to many people, but can give a bad effect to certain people. Also the media spreads news and teach things. Also it can affect people by looking at things that they show and having their own opinion and view. Also the bad things about the media are that you cannot rely on it because not every single media group has the same point of view, they have different views and they can describe an issue or problem however they want. In conclusion, these three groups, political party, interest groups and lobbyist, and the media, play an important role in the American Political System but can give both negative and positive impacts to the people. But these groups can teach people and spread news even though they have negative impacts. In addition, they shape this country as the government listens to the people in the in the United States. Research Papers on Different Roles of Political Parties - Government EssayQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

HRD #468 Definition Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HRD #468 Definition Assignment - Essay Example The TQM processes have four division; do, check, plan and act. As a current e-business focus, TQM base on quality management from the consumer’s point of view (Hoyle, 2007). According to Rawlins (2008), enhancing quality has become organization-wide effort as the business maximization globalization underscores the continuous improvement necessity. TQM is no longer the sole quality engineers, process engineers, product designers, and other specialists concern. The human resource management (HRM) role has a significant role to play in developing the entire organization’s quality (Hoyle, 2007). HRM can jumpstart TQM process through serving as a role model in the performance of two important tasks; contributing to the business processes and providing customer-oriented service. Thus, the human resource development (HRD) and TQM relate as HRD promotes organization’s quality through HR functions as training and development, recruitment and selection reward systems and performance evaluation. Hence, the human resource functions help to improve the product and services quality; hence linking to TQM aim of enhancing the quality of services and produ cts through ongoing